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*
 ॢ 直 砫 筮 .   ,   㯫뢠
  ॣ, ,    ࠢ  , 
  .  ਬ⨢ ਬ ஭ 﫮
⢥   ⭮  訬 蠭ᮬ   .
 ࠡ ⯫뢠  ⥫ 令, ᮡ 묨
ﬨ, ࣮, ᥫ   .  ⭠  
㤠﫨  ᮮ饭 类,  .

*஢
 ந⢮ ௨祩  ன   ⥭, ॢ
 뫨  孮  ஢. ।⠥
ਠ  ஥ ⠫ .  孮 ᤥ 
 㪮, த᪨ ⥭, 殢, ࠬ, ⮢  ண,
    ᥩ   ⭨ ॢ ந⥫. 
, ஢  ⠬ ந .

*宬
,   祭 蠤 ᫨   ࠢ
ᥢ୮ .   ஢  ⮣ ॣ  
樢  ய  ,    ࠡ 
⥫.   뫠 १砩   ।⢮ ।.
 ⢠   ⮢ ᨫ쭥  쭥 . ᠤ
뫨   ନ ,   ⥭ ⮬  ᠬ ᤥ
㦭  ⢮.

*६
  ன⢮ , ॢ  ࠧࠡ⠫  ⪨
५. ⨬  ⠫ 㯮冷      ᢮ .
⥯ ५ ࠧ, ⠫ ਭ , ᫮﫨
६, ᨬ,   ,  ⠫ .
  ᮢ襭⢮ 뫮  ,  
⮢  ஡ . ⪨ ᫥  
   ⠫஢ ଠ  襤 樢.

*
⢥ ।뫪  ୮ 樨 뫮 ⥭
. ⮡ ࠭ ஦  ନ 譨   ᥧ,
 㦥   ஭栥 ⥩. ⨥ , 
  筨  ᮧ ॡ㥬 . 
⢥  ࠧ   ᥫ த.

*䠢
  㯯 ᨬ - 㪢, ।⠢ நᨬ 쬨
㪨.    㪢  ।⠢ 楫 ᫮.
ॢ ண᪨ ᨬ  । ᮢ६ .
⥭  뫮 祭  ⨥, 訬 
 ᢮ ﬨ, 饭묨  㭪 ᪮  ﭮ
㤥, १묨    뤠묨  . 饭 ⥯
 ।   몠 ⮢  .

*⨢륰
孮 ॠ⨢  뫠 ⥭  20- ⮫⨨, 
祭  ஢   ᯥ祭 譮 ॢ室⢠ 
⨢.  ॠ⨢ ⥫  ᮧ  ଠ 
६ ன ஢ .  ਬ﫨  ந⢥ 
讣 ࠤ ⢨   ࠢ塞 ࠪ. , 
⢠   ந   ⢠, ⮡ 
⢨⥫쭮 묨.  ந  ᠬ⮢ 
⨯, ⢥ ॢ室⢮  ਢ  .

*஭
 ᠬ   ,  ந諠   
ॣ묨 ﬨ  ⥫.  뫨 ᠬ묨 ࠭ ஭.
  ᯮ짮 ।᪠㥬 ᮡ⨩  ন ᢮
. ॢ ᪨ ஭ ,   
業஬ 筮 ⥬   ਥ 業  ࠧ 
   ਡ 業 ࠧ   ﭨ
 ⨬ 묨 ⥫.   ⠢  
 祭    . ⥫쭮   
⠫ ਬ  ஭஢  .

*⮬ﰒ
᪨ 䨫 묨 ᤥ ।,   ⮨ 
  㦮  , 室   ﭭ
. ,  ⥮  뫠 ୠ   ६, ᮡ 
⥫,  뫠 ﭠ.  19- ⮫⨨   뫠 ᨬ
 樨 ⠭. ᮢ襭⢮  , ᮡ ࠧࠡ⪠
⮢ ⥮ਨ,   㤮⢮⥫쭮 ᭥ 
 ஭  㣨 㡠⮬ .   
ᤥ  ࠧࠡ    拉୮ 㦨.

*⮬
    ன  19- ⮫, 
ᯥਬ⠬  ஢묨 ,  㦥 ᯫ஢ 
殮  . ᭮ ⥭ ஥  ᤥ
 뫮 ᮧ   .  ⭮⥫쭮
쪨 ⥫    魮 ⪨ 蠤. 
 ᫮ 让   ࠧ⨥   ⢥ 
⨫  . ஭஢  㦥 ,  
⠭, ⠫ 騬 㦨   .

*᪮
६      ᠭ । ᥬ
࣮楢 ⠫᪨ த, 梥     ய 
। ⮪.  ࣮ ꥤ﫨 誨 ᢮   ,
 ண ⠪  㦭 ६    . 稥 ᢮
⠫  ࠧ     ᯮᮡ⢮ 
.   ⠫ 室 ᫥ ਠ쭮 樨
 ࠧ  ਨ - ௮権.

*஥
 ࠪ⨪  樢樨  稥 ந⥫
ᮮ㦥,  ࠧ⨥ ࣮  㭨樨. ᪠ 
⭠ ᢮ ண, 㪠  . ᮮ㦥ﬨ,  蠫
 ࠨ  ⮫楩.  뫮 ⥭ ਬﭠ,  
।  ୮  .     ஥ 
  ன  18- . 孨 ந⥫⢠ ⮢ 
 19-  뫠 ᮢ襭⢮   ஢  
 ண.

*ࠡ⪠஭
 -  ᯫ   㣨 ⠫, 筮 . 孮
ࠡ⪨    ॢ ६  ᯥਬ⮢   㤮,
    뫠 筮 ⮩. ᯥਬ 
ᬥ訢   㣨 ⠫ ਢ  祭 .  ⠫     祬 
  ⢥,  ,   ॥ 稢.   
  㬥  㦥. 樨, 묨 稢訥
ᥪ ⮢   ⢥ २⢮  ࠢ
 ⠫묨, ⠪  㦥 ⮢   ⢥ 
  .

*
᭮  ᮢ६  뫮  ᥢ㪮 娬,
 ⠫ ॢ  ⠫    ॡ ।⢮
஢  ᮢ᪮ .   ᢮⢠  
⢨  .  室 ࠪ᪮ ਬ  
   ⥮᪨ ᮮࠦ  ⢥ .

*⢮
 뫮 ⥬ ᪨ ,  諨   .
 ⠭ ࠢ   ਢ஢  ,
  . ᭮묨 ⢠ ३ 뫨 , ,
, , 楫ਥ  ୮.  ।⠢﫨 ᫨ﭨ
⨠᪮   ࠫ,  ᫥⢨ ⠫  ⥫쬥.
  뫨 ⮭,   楫 ᢮ 
쬠 ⮩  ᮢ蠫    ࠡ⥫᪨ .

*
 ⮬ ᫠ ᥫ  த, ᫠  ॡ  ࠢ 
 ।  ࣠ ᮮ⢠. ᫥ ⮣,  
⥭ ,  ࠢ 뢠   ﬨ, 
᫥   襭.  ࠭  ⠪ ᢮ ࠢ
⢮  ,   ⨭. ᪨   ,
 ࠧ  騩    , 騩 
 த.    讥 ﭨ  ࠡ  ﬠ
㭠,  ன ન ⢥ ࠢ .

*७࠭
ࠡ⪠ ⥫   뫠 ᭮ ⥭
ਠ쭮 . ⥬   㤠 ᮧ ⮯ 
 魮 ⥫. ।騥 ⥫  ᬮ  ᢮
ࠪ᪮ ਬ  ᢮ ᫨誮  ࠧ஢.  ⥭
ᮧ ᫮  ࠧࠡ⪨   ᠬ.  ⥫
 १砩 䥪⨢  ⥭. ।⢠ । ᯮ騥
⥫    ⢮  訥 ﭨ.

*㭨
 -  ⥬ 樠쭮 ࣠樨,    ⭮
ᮡ⢥  ।⢠ ந⢠ (䠡ਪ  ) ਭ
ᥬ (  ). ᯥਬ  ⮩ ⥬ 﫨  ࠧ
  諮,  ᢮ 梥    饢 ⨣
 ᪮   80-  XX .  ᪮   
 १ ᯥ権  ᪨ ⥫  ਨ ࠡ祣
, ६饣  ᢮ ஢ .   
뫨 । ᮬ  ᮬ  ଠ  ᭮ 
ந⢥ ⭮襭  ᮢ ஥ ⢠ ⮣ ६.
  । ᮧ ⢠ ᭮  ࠢࠢ
 ,   ᫥⢨ .

*
 -  ᫨⥫쭠 設,  冷 䬥᪨
 ᪨ 権.  ⫨砥   
ணࠬ஢, .. ᯮᮡ 믮  ࠭
᫥⥫쭮⥩   .  뫨 ࠧࠡ⠭ 
।騬 ⨦    த騬 ⨦ 
. ᮢ襭⢮  孮  ந室  㤨⥫쭮
⥬.  ਬ  襭 讣 ᫠ ᫨⥫
, ࠢ , ࠭  ண ᪠ ଠ樨,
ਯ⮣䨨,  ࠧ祭   㣮.

*᪠ﰏ
易⥫쭠 㦡  㦥 ᨫ,   ,
 뫠   ࠭樨  ६ 樨.  뫮 室 
஭  ࠢ⥫⢠, 㦥 ࠣ.   ᮡ
  ६ ன ஢ .  ᪮  ন
 祭  30  ᫥ ன ஢ .

*죨
᪮ த ᫨,  ७ ᪨ ⭮襭  ६
⠭   ᫮묨.  ᯥ樠஢  ந⢥
।  த樨: ୠ,   ... ⥬ ୮
  ந⥫  ᢮ ⮢ࠬ.  ⢥ 
ॡ ।     㢥祭 ⢠ ᯮᮡ 
뫨  .     ᯫ   ॡ.

*
⥬ ࠢ,      ਭ ⨥ 
ࠢ 㤠⢮, 뢥 .  ⨯ ࠢ 
   ᪨ த,  ࠡ  騭  ࠢ 
᪠. ६  ⮨  ⮬,  ࠢ ࠭
⢫ ࠭묨 ।⠢⥫ﬨ .  ।⠢
 ᮭ   ᢮,   ᮧ ᠬ
ᨫ .

*⢮
   ⥭    ॢ  ଥ ,
᪮ ,  . 쪮  祭 ᫥ 
⮫⨩  ᬮ  ⨬  㤮⢮⥫ ᭥.
᪨ ⮪ -  ⮪ ஭, ६   ⢨
᪮ , ஥ ᮧ  ஢, 祭  ॥
 . ⮪ ஭ ६頥  ஢ ( ஢)
 ⥫쭮 ⥭樠 २  ⥫쭮. ᪨ ⮪
 ᮢ ࠡ  ਬ  祭 ࣨ.

*஭
 -  㪠,    ஭  ஢ 
  ஭ ன⢠. ᪨ 㯭
⨦    ஭ 㡪, ஢,
࠭  ⥣ࠫ 奬.  ᤥ   ,
ᮢ襭⢮ 㦥, 訫 ࠤ  ਥ ࠤ裡,
ᮧ  䥪⨢ ன⢠  樨  । ࣨ.

*孨
   㪠  樨஢  ࠦ᪨ ࠬ , 
ନ஢  ,  , aqueducts ,  㣨  ,   
 ,  ନ஢ fortifications  weapons .  祬 ६ ,
 諮 ⮡  ஥஢ ,  ,  
   ஬諥 , warfare ,   筮.
 뫨     ᮢ襭⢮  
ࠪ᪮ ਬ .  뫨 த  ⮫쪮 訩   㪠,
 ⠪    . ਪ 饥 ன⢮  뫮
 ⭮ ⮡ 㦨    
ᮢ襭⢮ .

*륰⢠
   EXPLOSIVES 㦨  祭 ᯥਬ⮢  GUNPOWDER  CHEMISTRY
 ᪥ ⮩稢  魮 chemicals  ਠ   
ਪ ணࠬ . EXPLOSIVE - chemical  undergoes த騩 
COMBUSTION ,  ந 讥 ⢮ ⥯   .  
⠢   z , ⠪ ࠧ   뢠.
஥ ⢮ EXPLOSIVES - ᬥ combustibles   ignited
. 㣨 ᮤঠ ⮩稢 molecules   ࣠ EXPLOSIVE
樨 뢠 detonation . 㯮 ⨯ ᯮ 
propellants  bullets  fireworks ,   ६  ᫥ ᯮ 
᢮   warheads .
 
*
    襭 ࠧ  ᫥ ᮪騩  Charlemagne's 
Frankish empire ,  樠  political ⥬   Europe , 
뢠 FEUDALISM . ந  (楯樨) MONARCHY ,  뫮 
hierarchial ⥬    ᬥ owed ।  .  
 뫨 serfs ,  ࠡ⠫ ⠪⭠ 頤  lord 쭮 manor.
 lord  ᢮ । ࠢ ⠪⭮ 頤  lord  
,  ⠪   king ,  䠪᪨   ⠪ 頤 .  
  娨 뫨 饭  ,   ᢮ । 㦨 
 . FEUDALISM    CHIVALRY  ⠭ Knight .

*
   Sustained , ᠬ-祭  १  ,  FLIGHT ,  
tantalized  稭  dawn ६ . ᬮ  讥 ⢮ 
ᯥਬ⮢  ⮪  ६ (⠢) ,   뫮 .
ࠧࠡ⪨ ७ ⥫ COMBUSTION   PHYSICS 
 ⮡ ࠡ  quest 祫 . 쪮 ᫥ ⪠()
20- ⮫, Orville  Wilbur Wright ᤥ  ࠢ塞
, sustained flights  Kitty Hawk , N.C . 孮 FLIGHT
த⮣  .  । ⭮⥫쭮 讣 ⢠ ,
ᠬ 뫨 circling globe, ᭮ ⠢ passengers  ᮮ饭
 த⢨ .

*ࣨﰐᯠ 
   Nuclear FUSION -    atomic   ꥤ ⮡ 
ନ஢   殮 atomic  ,   ஬ ࣨ  
 . 㤭  sustaining  thermonuclear ॠ ,  ॡ 
祭 ᮪ ⥬  樨஢  ⮯ containment . ⢥  
 ஡ FUSION  室  ࠧࠡ⪥ SUPERCONDUCTORS . Nuclear 
FUSION । 讥 頭  筨 ᪮ 魮 ⮬
 ᭮ ⮯ 㯭   ⢠    ᮧ 
 radioactive  plagues Nuclear FISSION .   ,  
 㤠  Nuclear 魮 ⠭ meltdown . 

*⨪
       ᪥ ࠢ騩  cancer  讣 ⢠ 
㣮 diseases  襭 室  GENETIC  ,   
  㪥  MEDICINE . GENETIC  - 㯯 孨  
ࠢ ਠ genetic  祥 . Gene 騢 - ⮤  
࠭ᯮ஢ genetic ਠ   species  㣮 . 㣠 孨 
 ᫨ﭨ 祩  nuclear transplantation .  -  DNA , 
 ਠ genetic  ᥩ 筮 ,   repairable  
changeable .   genetic 襭    ﭭ ,  
curable . 

*
   GUNPOWDER - chemical ᬥ saltpeter , sulphur ,  charcoal .  
ignited ,    ⠪     뢠 ᫨ ᮤন   
⥯ . GUNPOWDER    㤥 ࠧࠡ⠭ ⠩᪨ ⠪ ࠭
(᪮) 9- ⮫⨥ ,   ⨣ Europe  1300's . ⠩᪨
 ᯮ   ᪫⥫쭮  fireworks ,  ॢ 
aggressive Europeans  ॢ⨫   weapons  revolutionized warfare .
Musketeers  Cannon ਭ   battlefield ८ 殮 Cavalry
 ⠪ 稫 recurring invasions barbarians  Asia .

*ਠ
   ⥭  STEAM  㣮 孮 , ᮡ RAILROAD , 
   INDUSTRIALIZATION  . INDUSTRIALIZATION  ਬ 
 來  㢥稢 ந⥫쭮 ࠡ . ஬諥 ⠫ 
᪮業஢  䠡ਪ ,   (ணࠬ)  
㯭  ஬ ⢠ . INDUSTRIALIZATION revolutionized  
⠭ ,   ᥣ  襣 .   ࠡ祣   ७ 
grinding , subservient ⢮   筮  fostered 樠쭠 
䨫 COMMUNISM   ࠪ᪮   .  뫨 
⪨ ⮡     ࠡ . 

*⥭
   Contrivance ।⥫쭮 ⭮ ன⢠ , ⮤ ,   
⥭   . ᮢ襭⢮ 孨᪮  - 
 ⨥   . ஭ 樢樨  뢠  
࠭ LITERACY  襭  ᯥ樠⮢ 뫨 ᪮  
᪮७  孮 .  - ࠪ᪠   ,  
   ࠡ -    ॡ  쭥襣 
ᮢ襭⢮  ⨣ ⮣ . ண society -  ⮣ 
    .   .

*ࠡ⪠
   ନ஢      , ॢ 祭(祭)
smelters   , ந⢮  ⮢   
⠫ .  ore 뫮 १砩 饥 ࠢ    tin , 
IRON   ⢥( 㤭) ,   ,   ন
讥 ⢮ sharper ॡ .  뫮  ਠ 
㬥⠫ ।  weapons . ஥ ⢮ ⥫
  ࠧࠡ⪠    뫨 蠣 () 
ᮢ襭⢮ 樢樨.   ࠡ   䥪⨢묨 
 㦥   讬 ⢥  ਪ ணࠬ.

*
    襭    ਠ쭮  , ࠢᨥ 
魮  栬  ࠡ稬 swung ⠪    楢 
. 騩 ࠡ稩   㦥 ᠬ⥫쭮 stuck  
筮 ࠡ  ᫮ ஦   ६   ᫨ 
묨 .  ⢥   inequity    , ⪠ 
ࠡ稬 ⮡ 뢠     collectively ᤥ  
 ᯮ짮   ࠡ ᫮  ᪮ 
ﭨ . ᫥ ⮣,  讥 ⢮ turmoil , 
뫨 ᯮᮡ ⨣ ࠡ祣 ࠢ 魮  
ᯮ짮    ࠡ祣  .

*
   ࠡ⪠  ᤥ 㯭 ᪨  㬥  
ᮢ襭⢮  ,  ,  ᥬ 㬥⠫ ।⢠, 
뫠 ⮫쪮  ᫨ ᯮ짮 . 訩 業 ᮢ㯭 
뫠 LITERATE , 訩 २⢮ ஥  ਭ  . 
⮫쪮 priests  scribes 뫨 LITERATE ,  㣨 뫨  ᮢ⭮
ᯮ짮   , 殬   ⠪⮬ .  ᮪ 業
ᮢ㯭  LITERATE , ᪮  ᪮  , (
)     ᮢ襭⢮ ᪮७  . 

*⨧
    殮  repulsion  ࠧ묨 ⢠(魮ﬨ) , 
ᮡ  , 室   ᪨   ⭠ 
 MAGNETISM .  ꥪ 筮    , ᥢ୮ 
ࠧ᪨騩    ࠧ᪨騩  ,  ⮬  
᢮ 騩 MAGNET ਥ ᠬ⥫쭮  ⭮  
 ᥢ- . MAGNETISM  㦨  China ,  
ਬ  mariner's compass ந諮  12- ⮫⨨ Europe . 
ࠡ  MAGNETISM 뫠   ⨨    .

*⮣
   MAPMAKING  offshoot ࠧࠡ⪨  .  ⮩ 孮 ᫨ ⠫ 
 뢠     ᮡ⥩  ⭮ skins , 
clay , ॢ bark,  㣨 ਠ ,  ⠪ ࠧ ।(
室)  ⮩ ଠ樨  㣨 .  뫮 ᮡ   seamen ,
  ventured   砫  ࠭ coasts   ⮫쪮
㪮⢮   ᤥ     㤠 ।⥫쭮 .
MAPMAKING 塞 ⢨  ᫥  ᮧ ⮣ 襥
⢮ risky .  뫮 砫 ⢠  ⠫ 㪮
 .

*ந⥫⢮
    ⥩    த ॡ ﭭ ନ஢
. ⮡  ॡ    ,   
த᪨ ⥫ ⠫ ᯥ⮬  孨 MASONRY .  ᯮ㥬
孮    bricks , cementing  ਠ  ନ஢ 
࠭(⥭) .  ⮬ ,  ନ஢  ⠫ 訬   ᫮묨
, ࠭(⥭) ⠫ 訬 ⢮  ,  ࠡ ⠫
訬 ⢮ ﭭ  pleasing   .    
襬  ᫮ 孨 .
 
*ந⢮
   ᫥  INDUSTRIALIZATION ,  䠡ਪ  ࠧࠡ⠫  
孨 ⮡  த  䥪⨢ . Henry Ford ।  
  ᮢ襭⢮ , ⠭   ப 
࠭樨()   । AUTOMOBILE .  ⮬ 砥 , ꥪ 
࠭᫨஢ , ⮬() , ᫨  conveyor ⠬  ࠧ 
⮬⨧஢ ࠡ稥  ,   ࠡ稩 expertly 믮  
 ࠭樨() .  ⮬() ⨣  ப ,  
뫮  ନ஢ . 孨 ⨯ ⮣ ਢ  ࠬ᪨ 
㢥祭 ந⥫쭮 ࠡ祣  ࠡ稥 뫨 ᮣ . 

*⥬⨪
    ᠬ ࠭  , ஥ ⢮ ᨬ 諨 ⮡ 
।⠢ ⨥(楯) ஢ .   १⮬ 
ॡ⥩  agriculture  ࣮ ⮡ ࠭ ஦ , ⮢
,  ࠧ஢. Farmers 室 ⮡  ࠧ 뤠饣   
. ࣮ 室 ⮡     㯭  barter 
᪮⥩  . MASONS 室 ⮡  ࠧ  
ନ஢ . ࠡ⪠ MATHEMATICS 뫠 ᪠  饬
ᮢ襭⢮   㣨  .

*樭
    ⥫  healing ᭠砫  ࠧࠡ뢠   Greeks. Hippocrates
, ᬮ७ 殬 MEDICINE , ᭮  ᫥ 祫᪮
⥫    㦤 .  ᫥ 뫨 ⮫쪮  
讣 ⢠ 㯭 ⨦  ᫥  flowering
᪮  .     㡥 뫨 ࠢ,
讥 ⢮ ᮢ६ 樭᪨ 㤥⮢  Hippocratic Oath
 graduation, swearing ⮡ ন  ਭ樯. MEDICINE  alchemy
뫨 ᭮   ࠧ饩 㪨 CHEMISTRY.

*⠫ࣨ
   㪠 METALLURGY ⠫ ᮡ  ᫥ ࠧࠡ⪨ GUNPOWDER ,  
ய᪨ ⥯ﬨ vied   㣮  ᫥ 孮᪮ 
ᮢ襭⢮  weapons . ᫥  METALLURGY 뫮 conducted 
 smelters   .   artillery  naval 
५ ॢ室     .  ࠧࠡ⪠ 뫠  
樥(䠪)  襭 ய᪨ ﭨ  ᥬ ⥯.
METALLURGY     STEEL  㣨 ⠫ .

*
   MONARCHY ࠧࠡ⠭  ᮫⭮ ࠢ ।᪮ 
(த) 㪮⥫ .  ⨯ absolutism  ࠧ ᭠砫  hereditary  
lifelong ࠢ ࠢ ,   ॡ㥬  ࠢ divine . MONARCHY 
  ਭ㦤   ⮬ rulers   
supporters   襥 ⢮ ⮡     
ঠ ࠢ.  뫮  ࠪ᪮ 祬 despotism  
  ⮬  魮 ruler's  뫠 ᮫⭠  ந쭠,
  dispensed १  aristocratic 쭮 rulers. 㦨
aristocrats  ஢ઠ  魮 ruler's ,  ஥   
ᮡ⢥  .

*樧
   ᪮ ᮢ㯭   ᫨ ,   spiritual advisors 
 ⮡ 㤮⢮ ॡ   ଠ , 業஢ 
 ﭨ rites worship . Priests  priestesses MYSTICISM ,  
뢠 oracles , ॡ㥬 ꥤ  divine १ ࠧ諥  
trance-like contemplation . MYSTICISM ।   
ᮭ쭮 salvation  immortality, (楯樨)   ࠧࠡ⪥
  RELIGIONS .

*饯⮬
   NUCLEAR FISSION ந室  fissionable atomic  頥 neutron
, ⠭ ⮩稢 ,       .   , ஬ 
ࣨ    ⥯ ,  ,  radioactivity . ࢮ 
ਬ NUCLEAR FISSION 뫮  warfare ,  ⥯   㤠 
ࠢ塞 fission ந 楤 weapon , atomic bomb .  
, ࠢ塞 NUCLEAR FISSION ᯮ짮 ⮡ ᯥ稢 筮 
⢮ ⥯  魮 (஦) ⢠  NUCLEAR 
।⨨  . ᭮   易  NUCLEAR POWER    
࠭稫  .
 
*ୠﰝࣨ
   ࠡ⪠ NUCLEAR POWER 뫠 ⪠ ⮡ 室 ୮ ਬ 
ࣨ 饭 NUCLEAR FISSION .    ᮧ steam 
  ᪨ turbines , ந ⢮ . NUCLEAR 
 ঠ 頭    襣 ⢠ ண騩 
祬 ७ fossil ⮯ .  , radioactive ਠ ᯮ짮  
 뫨 १砩 lethal , ᯮ殮  nuclear 뫮 㤭, 
 nuclear meltdown   㤠 .  த   
safer ਬ . ਬ , ᯮ짮 ᭮ ஢ ନ஢ 
ਭ樯 nuclear  , ᪮॥ 祬 FISSION ,   ᯥ稢
ᥩ ,   魮 .

*
    ॢ  , LITERACY    ⢥   騩  
饬 孥   ⨫   leisure ६ ⮡ 
㦤 .  ⥬  㦤 뫨 ⢨⥫쭮, 稭, 
ਭ樯 ࠧ諥  ,     .  
ᬮ७ 䠪 騩  ࠤ樮 religious dogmas  , 
 door  ᫥ ப    .   
 ࠭ ᪮ philosophers ,  Plato  Aristotle , 뫨
࠭塞 luckily .     ᫥ Plato 뫠  ,
祬 ᭮᪨   ࠡ . 

*
    PHYSICS 襫   ࠪ ⥮਩   ࠪ᪮ 
 ஢  sailors .   ⭮襭     
ࣨ ,  痢   , ᪠   ன   
ﬨ  । । ଠ쭮  :  , acoustics,
thermodynamics,  ⨪.  ᫥  ᢮ ।   쭥訬
ᮢ襭⢮   ⨯ MAGNETISM   . ६
 ० ᥣ 騩 ⭮襭     ࣨ 
᪨ ᫮ﬨ   ᪨ ⠡ .

*⬠
     spinoffs ᫥   oil  ⨥  , 
organic ⠢    molded  ⥯⮩  . 
 wonders ਠ쭮   뫨 㦥 ⮡ 
襢묨  sturdy    ࠤ樮 ਠ ᥬ ᯮᮡ
ਬ.  ப ࠭ ਬ   
⭮騬  㦥 ஡ ⮬  ਠ   decay.
ᯮ殮 incineration ᫮﫮 ⮬   melts , clogs
㤮 ,     । fumes .

*ﰄண
   RAILROAD ᫥  ᯥ譮 marriage ᯥ⨢  孮 ,
 STEAM ,  饩 ॡ :  , ᥩ ,  ண
transportation . RAILROADS  ਬ 楤 魮 locomotive 
६饭 楯祪 㦥 wagons  ५ᠬ .  ਢ 
ࠬ᪮ 㢥祭 ⢠ 㧠  讥 ⢮ 
  ६     ﭨ . RAILROADS 뫨
᪨ 稪  INDUSTRIALIZATION .   ⮫쪮   
 ࠡ⠭ ਠ  ⨣ 뭪 ,  ᪠ 襣
㤮 spurred ⢮ ஥  ਭᨫ  讬 
㣨 ᫥ ஬諥 .

*ࠡ⪠
    ⠫ 室  㣨 ਠ ⭮ ᯮ짮  
ந⢥ ᮢ  祭 ண ⢠ ६ , ⮫쪮 
  RECYCLING ⠭ ।⨥(ᮬ) household . 祭 
ᥬ ᮢ㯭⥩  ⮪ (ணࠬ)    
ப ஦  choke  planet  ⪠뢠  吝.  DEMOCRACIES
 , ᠬ  nations  襥 ⢮ wasteful ,  -
underway ⮡ ⭮ ᯮ짮 ⠪  ⪠뢠  . 
   ,  newspapers ᯮ㥬 ᭮ 
ॢ , ⬠ bottles ࠭ oil ,  aluminum  ࠭
⢮ .    㬥蠥 প  吝 ,
⠪ ࠧ   ⢮ 筮 .

*⪠
   Mineral tar  petroleum 뫨  १ ஭ ,  讥 
ਬ 뫮 㦥      㦨 १ 
CHEMISTRY  oil     chemicals  ப ⢮ ਬ.
ࢨ筮 ਬ oil ந 뫮  ⮯  ७
COMBUSTION ⥫  稫 AUTOMOBILE  㣨  . Oil 
  ਠ쭮 饭 ०, 祬 ⥭樠  (
ॠ) , ⮬  訥   ।⠢ 
⠫  த樨 AUTOMOBILE    ॡ . 

*
   ⨥ RELIGION ᫥ ⭮   ଠ 㡥  
ࠪ⨪ ⭮⥫쭮 ࠮न୮ , mysterious ,  㯥⢥ . 
RELIGION   ꥪ devotion ,  樠쭮  ,  뫪  
㠫쭮  । 㯯   . ਭ⨥ 祭 ਭᥭ 
RELIGION    ᯮᮡ த  ࠡ⮩ 筮 , 
⮬   terrifying ⭮ ᮤঠ . ᮢ襭⢮ 
 ஥ ᫥ ࠧࠡ⪥      
讬 RELIGIONS ᮢ६  .

*
   ᮢ襭⢮  孮      
 ,   ।⥫쭮  㪨 fiction . ROBOTICS 
ᠥ ஥஢  ନ஢   ᯮᮡ  mimicking
஥ ⢮ modicum 祫᪮ ⢨ .    뢠
   ।   ࠭祭 ⢨ ᭮  ⮩
ଠ樨. ROBOTS -   ࠢ塞  設 㬥⠫
।⢠   ணࠬ஢ ⮡ 믮  ⨯ ᢠન
⮬  .  ᮡ     
monotonous ,  ,  tiring ,   -  襥 ⢮
ந⥫ 祬  祫᪨ 㡫 .

*஥
    ᯥਬ  ROCKETRY ᫥ ⭮  ⠩᪮ fireworks 
祭 GUNPOWDER     , 襥 ⢮ 襣 
⥪饣   ࠧࠡ뢠  20- ⮫⨨ . ROCKET - propelled 뤠祩 
 ᮧ COMBUSTION ⮯  -  . COMBUSTION ᮧ 讥 
 ஥  vented १ rear ,   ⮫箪 ⨢ । 
஭ ७  COMBUSTION chamber 頥  ⥪  । . 
 ࠪ᪨ ࠢ塞 ROCKETS ᯮ짮   War II.  
 , ROCKETS ᯮ짮    ⨭⠫ 
ballistic weapons  稭 ᬨ᪨ ࠡ . 

*ᬨ᪨
   ᫥ ࠧࠡ⪨ ࢮ ࠢ塞 missiles   War II , 㪠
ROCKETRY த⮣  ⬥⪥  אַ ᫥ ஡ ⠫
 .  FLIGHT த  ⮣ -ࡨ⠫쭮 flights 
㥬   㭥 .   த ᥣ  ନ஢
⠭権() ஡  ஡ ⭮ ᯮ짮 vehicles . 
 饬   㥬   ⠬ .  ᬥ
(஦) ,  ᮢ襭⢮   㥬
⢨  㣨 ࠧ ⥬ ࠪ᪨ .

*஢⥫
     ᢮ steam 뫨  稭  ॢ ࠧ , 
ॡ   ᭮    ࠪ᪨ ⢥ 讣
⢠ INVENTORS ⮡ ନ஢ ࠡ STEAM  .  
祭 ⮣ ⥫ 뫠 ,     ࠡ 讣
⢠  . STEAM      ᨫ 㬭
१砩 tapping ࣨ ⥯ 饭  ७ coal . STEAM
ENGINE  prerequiste  ਠ쭮 饭 ,   ࠭
ਪ  RAILROADS  ᥬ  .

*⠫
    ਠ 饭 襫  ॡ  ⠫ ,   
ਠ 樨   ⮢  (ணࠬ) . 襭 
RAILROADS ᮡ spurred ᫥  METALLURGY  ⠫   
 fashioned  襢 , ᨫ ५   .  筮  , 
ᥪ  STEEL 㦨 ,  뫮 㦥   ᮢ襭 
ਠ 樨 .  ,     cheaply  
INDUSTRIALIZATION  ਭ       ࠧ .  ᢮ ।,
STEEL   訬    ,  ஬ skyscrapers ,
armored warships ,  AUTOMOBLE .

*஢
    ᪨ ⥪騩 । १ ஢ , ⨯  ஢ 
, 쪮  饥 ⢮ ⥪饣 ﭮ  resistance .  
। ⢠(魮)  嫠  ⥬ࠬ  ᮫ 
 ,  resistance 祧 .   뢠 superconductivity, 
⢮(魮)  ᪮ resistance - . ᫨ ⠪
ਠ   㦥  ࠡ⠫  祬 -  ଠ
⥬ , ⨥  revolutionize everyday 筮 祭 
㬥襭 ⮨ ࣨ   ᮧ    ⥭ 
ࠪ᪨ . 

*௮樨
   RAILROADS ,  mongers ,  㣮 ।ਭ⥫⢮ ஥ 砫 
ਠ쭮 饭   訥 ।  । (
஦) ,  outstripping  筮  . ஬ 
᭮ ⠫  INDUSTRIALIZATION ॡ㥬  砫  
  樮஢     ᫮. .
⥬.  訥 ਠ । ⥯   
ᥬ  .   ᬮ७ wasteful , conspiratory,  
,   䥪⨢  innovative ,   - ᪮  .

*㡫
   ⨥(楯)   ᭠砫   ॢ Rome ,  
 ᫠ provinces ।⠢⥫  Senate ⮡ ࠢ nation . 
 ﭨ    뫠 ࠭ ।⠢⥫ ,  MONARCH . 
⨥(楯)  ⠭  Constitution ᮥ ⮢ ,  
讥 ⢮ nations 饣 ࠧ    -  ⮢ 
ਭ﫨  -  .   塞 楤⭠
᢮,  ࠩ   饩  citizens ,  ⮣  ᢮ ।
 fostered ᨫ ᪨  .

*
         ,   axle 祭  㢥稫 㧪
 祫᪨    ६   resistance  
 . WHEEL ⠪  ॢ頫  weapon war ᫥ ⥭ , 
ᮡ  樨 Chariot . ஬ ਬ  ࠭ᯮ , WHEEL ⠫ 
vitally  㬥⮬     ਠ쭮  .  
pre-Columbian  ,  ⮫쪮   誠 ୨ ᥩ
, 筮 ⮬  mountainous terrain   ᤥ  
ࠪ᪨ .

*ﰃࠢ樨
    ਢ祭      particles 
 쥧.  ᨫ  १    
 apple  㯠   ⮭  ࡨ   Sun . 
 ।  Sir Isaac ⮭ ,  ᭠砫 ᯮ(
ᯮ)  gravitation  㭨ᠫ .  ࠡ  뫠 door 
  祭 饬 Albert Einstein ,   ࠧࠡ⠫  
Relativity ,     ࠧࠡ⠫ ATOMIC  . 

*࣮
     ᠬ    ப ࠭ 樠 
० -  ⮢ࠬ ,   .  襬 ⢥ 
᭮ ஢  ,       㣮 . 
쭮 ,   室  誥  祭  ⥫ 
.  ,   訩 몫祭 , 﫨 extras  祣 - 
ॡ㥬. ,   nations , 筮  ࠢ⥫쭮 २⢮ 
㣨  த樨 ண ⢠ 訩  ࢨ . १
 ,  २⢮  ਭ   ஭ . TRADE ⠪
 祭    ﬨ .

*
    UNIVERSITIES 뫨 ᭮  ।  ecclesiastical  
royal 樠⨢  楯窥     , theology ,  medicine . 
६  ⮨  ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ⥩ ,   , 
  ᯥ᪮ ணࠬ . ࠤ樮 , ⮫쪮  
।⠢ graduate ⥯ ,   ࠧ稥 - ⥯ blurred . 
祭 20- ⮫ 讥 ⢮  , ᮡ   , 
祭 让 ࠢ 樨  筮  孮᪮ 
᫥ , ᮡ ᫥  (易)  weapons . 

*쬥
   ࠡ⪠  ᬠਢ     
ᮢ襭⢮ 樢樨 .  ⮩ ⬥⪨ , ஭  砫 ,  
।  ᮮ⢥⢨ c 뢠묨 ﬨ ᭠砫 ᠭ묨  
clay   १  stone. 祭  ,   
   ࠭  ।   ﭨ  ६ , 
६頥  originator.  ⮣,  뫠    殬 
 .   祭 ᪮७ ᮢ襭⢮  ⮬   
 ⥭  諮    ᭮    .

*END
